Simply put, a prefabricated building is a building built from prefabricated parts with reliable connections. According to this understanding, the prefabricated building is characterized by the fact that the main components of the building, especially the structural components, are prefabricated and that the connections between the prefabricated components must be reliable.
1844, Portland cement were invented, and then in 1845 the Germans produced the first prefabricated concrete component, an artificial stone staircase.
The 1851, Joseph Paxton, relied on the advanced British industrial technology of the time, and for the first time built the Crystal Palace in an assembly-style fashion, entirely using continuous mode of production of unit parts, the pioneering factory-prefabricated, on-site assembly of the technical model is the beginning of modern prefabricated building (steel skeleton and glass curtain wall) .
Crystal Palace, London (with World's Fair 1851)
Broadly speaking, if wood and stone are regarded as the simplest and most basic prefabricated parts, then many ancient wood and stone buildings can also be regarded as prefabricated building.
Chinese ancient wooden buildings
An ancient Greek stone structure
The typical prefabricated building is classified according to the properties of structural materials, there are mainly fabricated steel buildings, fabricated wood buildings, fabricated concrete buildings, fabricated light steel buildings and fabricated hybrid buildings (prefabricated building of steel and concrete) .
(1) fabricated steel structure building. Mainly used in factories, large stations, airport terminals and other types of large-span buildings.
Plant
The station
Airport terminal
(2) fabricated wooden structure. In the contemporary wood structure buildings are mainly used in antique buildings, garden structures, residential buildings and other types of buildings.
Antique building
Garden structures (corridors, pavilions, etc)
Modern wood-frame lodgings
(3) fabricated concrete structure building. Mainly used in residential, schools, hospitals and other types of multi-high-rise buildings.
Assembly of monolithic high-rise concrete housing
Fabricated concrete teaching building
(4) assembly type light steel structure building. Mainly used for villas, farmhouses, low-rise housing and other types of housing simple equipment building.
Light steel villas, farmhouses
Low-rise collective housing
Simple substation, garbage sorting room
(5) prefabricated composite structure (steel + concrete) . Mainly used in high-rise business buildings, commercial housing, dormitories and hospitals and other types of buildings.
Super high-rise hybrid structure business building (outer steel frame + inner concrete core tube)
PEC steel-concrete structure multi-storey residential
High-rise residence with composite structure of bolted concrete aseismic wall
Steel-concrete structure hospital
The prefabricated building advantage
Because the prefabricated building is a factory-produced prefabricated parts transported to the construction site, through a reliable connection on-site assembly and installation of the building. As a result, the prefabricated building can replace the low-quality and low-efficiency handicraft mode of production in the traditional construction industry by means of mechanization, standardization, information and intelligence, to achieve high quality, high efficiency and low cost of construction.
Factory production
Component transportation
On-site installation
Advantages of light-weight steel fabricated housing
(1) the structure is light and high strength
The self-weight of the floor structure is one-sixth of that of the traditional concrete floor slab, and the walls are composed of cold-formed thin-walled steel composite walls.
The small dead weight makes the horizontal force produced by the earthquake small, and its own stiffness is big, and the reasonable structure structure method can achieve the ideal seismic effect, at the same time, the requirement of bearing capacity of foundation is also reduced with the reduction of self-weight, which can reduce the cost of foundation construction. The light weight and high strength structure is also used in doormen, guard booths, public toilets.
Image source: Platinum Project
The use of a + platform design, increased the overall practical area of the house, the upstairs can be drying crops. The house is simple in structure, simple in appearance and easy in appearance. The inside can be completely prefabricated by factory, built quickly, with low cost and saving manpower and material resources.
(2) the architectural design is beautiful and the space utilization rate is high
The wallboard structure has four regular walls and no concave and convex structural components, which is convenient for indoor space arrangement.
Because is the wall column bearing, the building plane can be freely divided, the layout of large bay. Buried in the wall and floor structure, the pipeline is convenient to arrange, and easy to repair and maintain in the future.
The wall thickness is small, the actual use area inside the building is greatly increased, and the space utilization ratio is improved. This feature has not yet been applied to mobile homes.
Image source: Platinum Project
The design of this project is inclined to Jiangnan emblem style, combined with modern design style, considering the practicability, adding elements such as balcony, big window, two-story structure, the area is about 250 ~ 300m2
(3) the residential comfort is high
Light steel housing assembly housing housing housing using new building materials, moisture-proof, mildew-proof, moth-proof, non-combustion, living environment health, heat insulation and sound insulation performance, good appearance, is a good place to live.
Image source: Platinum Project
This case adopts the modern practical design style, the main body outline is clear, collocation detail design, lets the building have the unique, two-story single-family villa, the area approximately 500 ~ 600m2.
(4) convenient construction, environmental protection, short cycle
Site construction is mainly for the installation of components, construction is not affected by the season and weather, construction site less wet concrete work, no need for formwork support, site less waste, low noise, small impact on the environment.
Compared with the traditional house construction, the construction process reduces the intensity of manual work, helps to control the construction quality and progress, and reduces the cost of manpower.
Image source: Platinum Project
Jiangnan style combined with modern design
The roof slope is steep, the wing angle is high, the building is overall beautiful dexterous; the large apartment, the area is 300m2.
(5) energy saving, land saving and material saving
The main structural material used is steel, light weight, by optimizing the section form rather than increasing the section area to improve the bearing capacity, less steel, and steel can be recycled, the steel column, thermal insulation cotton and gypsum board used in the composite wall replace the solid clay brick which is widely used in the villages and towns of our country, thus reducing the use of cement and saving non-renewable resources.
In addition, the light weight structure system makes the foundation less burden, can be built in the slope, poor land, saving land resources.
Image source: Platinum Project
(6) it is beneficial to housing industrialization
Light Steel Assembly House, on-site assembly, all components can be implemented modular design, factory standardized production, market-based procurement, supporting good, and avoid the impact of on-site manual production on quality, to promote the development of residential construction to industrialization and industrialization.
Compared with the traditional construction mode, the development prefabricated building is a significant change in the traditional construction mode, which has the advantages of saving resources and energy, reducing construction pollution, improving labor efficiency and building quality and safety, it is also conducive to promoting the deep integration of the construction industry and information-based industrialization, fostering new industries and new drivers, and promoting the elimination of overcapacity.